Taxon: Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell.

Summary

Genus:

Eruca

Family:

Brassicaceae (alt. Cruciferae)

Tribe:

Brassiceae

Nomen number:

104951

Place of publication:

G. Hegi, Ill. Fl. Mitt._Eur. 4(1):201. 1918

Verified:

04/01/2010 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

27 (27 active, 27 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. (0 active accession[s])
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. pinnatifida (Desf.) Thell. (0 active accession[s])
Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. vesicaria (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Basionym
Eruca sativa Mill.

Homotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica eruca L.
Eruca sativa Mill. subsp. sativa

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Brassica erucoides Roxb.
Eruca longirostris Uechtr.
Eruca sativa Mill. subsp. longirostris (Uechtr.) Jahand. & Maire
Eruca stenocarpa Boiss. & Reut.

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 116.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
Eriksson, O. et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants, ed. 2.
FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
Girija, T. & Tabish. Flowers of India (on-line resource).
Greuter, W. et al., eds. 1984-. Med-Checklist. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares. Note: = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jørgensen, P. M. & S. León-Yánez, eds. 1999. Catalogue of the vascular plants of Ecuador. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75 Note: = Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav.
Krasnoborov, I. M., ed. 2000-. Flora of Siberia (English translation)
Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2 Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.
Rollins, R. C. & I. A. Al-Shehbaz. 1986. Weeds of south-west Asia in North America with special reference to the Cruciferae. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89B:294.
Rollins, R. C. 1993. The Cruciferae of continental North America
Sharma, B. D. et al., eds. 1993-. Flora of India.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Warwick, S. I. et al. 2006. Brassicaceae: Species checklist and database on CD-Rom. Pl. Syst. Evol. 259:249-258.
Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
Warwick, S. I. 1995. New taxonomic views within Eruca and Diplotaxis genera in the light of hybridization and molecular findings. In S. Padulosi, ed., Rocket Genetic Resources Network. Report of the first meeting, Lisbon, Portugal. Rocket Genet. Res. Netw. 22-35.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).

Common names

LANGUAGE	NAME	ALTERNATE NAME	NOTE	SEQ	CITATION
English	arugula		as E. sativa	1	Markle, G. M. et al., eds. 1998. Food and feed crops of the United States, ed. 2
English	edible rocket			1	FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
English	garden rocket			1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
English	Italian cress		as E. sativa	1	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1398.
English	rocket			1	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
English	rocket-salad			1	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
English	Roman rocket			1	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
English	rugula			1	Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
English	salad rocket			1	Wiersema, J. H. & B. León. 1999. World economic plants: a standard reference CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Arabic	gargir			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
Arabic	girgir			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
Arabic	jirjeer		as E. sativa	2	Norton, J. et al. 2009. Illustrated checklist of the flora of Qatar.
Chinese	zhi ma cai	芝麻菜		2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Danish	salatsennep			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
English (Canada)	garden rocket		Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 116.
French	roquette		as E. sativa	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French (Canada)	roquette des jardins		Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 116.
German	Garten-Senfrauke			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
German	Ölrauke		as E. sativa	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
German	Rauke		as E. sativa	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1398.
German	Rukola		as E. sativa	2	Erhardt, W. et al. 2008. Der große Zander: Enzyklopädie der Pflanzennamen 1398.
German	Senfrauke		as E. sativa	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
India	jamba		as E. sativa	2	Mabberley, D. J. 1997. The plant-book: a portable dictionary of the vascular plants, ed. 2
India	taramira		as E. sativa	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Italian	ruca			2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Italian	ruchetta			2	Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6
Italian	rucola			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
Malay	rucola			2	Girija, T. & Tabish. Flowers of India (on-line resource).
Polish	rokietta siewna			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
Portuguese	rábano-silvestre		as E. sativa	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Russian	mindau			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.
Spanish	oruga común		as E. sativa	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Spanish	roqueta		as E. sativa	2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	senapskål			2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	zhi ma cai			2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Turkish	roka			2	Pignone, D. & C. Gómez-Campo. 2011. Chapter 8. Eruca. In: Kole, C., ed., Wild crop relatives: genomic and breeding resources, oilseeds 145-160.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note
1	Native	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad		n.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria		n.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt		n.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya		n.
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Gansu Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Guangdong Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Hebei Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Heilongjiang Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Jiangsu Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Liaoning Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Nei Mongol Zizhiqu
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Shaanxi Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Shanxi Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Sichuan Sheng
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China	Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Mongolia	Mongolia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Cyprus
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iraq
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Israel
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Jordan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine	Krym
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece		incl. Crete
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy	Sardegna
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy	Sicilia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania		s.
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia		e.
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France		s. & Corsica
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain		incl. Baleares
2	Cultivated					lesser cult. elsewhere
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Chad
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Libya
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco
2	Cultivated	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mali
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Mauritania
2	Cultivated	Africa	West Tropical Africa	Niger
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n. & c.
2	Cultivated	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan
2	Cultivated	Europe		Europe		s.
2	Cultivated	Northern America		Canada
2	Cultivated	Northern America		United States
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Portugal	Madeira Islands
4	Naturalized	Africa	Macaronesia	Spain	Canarias
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Sudan
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Bahrain
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Kuwait
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Oman
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Qatar
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Saudi Arabia
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	United Arab Emirates
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Eastern Asia	Japan	Honshu
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia	Eastern Siberia
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Western Siberia	Western Siberia
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Estonia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Latvia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Lithuania
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Russian Federation-European part	European part	w.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary
4	Naturalized	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway		s.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden		s.
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bosnia and Herzegovina
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Montenegro
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	North Macedonia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia
4	Naturalized	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Canada
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Argentina
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Western South America	Ecuador	Loja
6	Other					exact native range obscure

Native
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt (n.), Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Chad (n.)

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
MIDDLE ASIA: Turkmenistan
MONGOLIA: Mongolia
CHINA: China [Gansu Sheng, Guangdong Sheng, Hebei Sheng, Heilongjiang Sheng, Jiangsu Sheng, Liaoning Sheng, Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, Shaanxi Sheng, Shanxi Sheng, Sichuan Sheng, Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: Pakistan

Europe

EASTERN EUROPE: Ukraine [Krym]
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete), Italy [Sicilia, Sardegna], Romania (s.), Serbia (e.)
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (s. & Corsica), Portugal

Cultivated

REGION:

Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Chad
WEST TROPICAL AFRICA: Mali, Mauritania, Niger

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n. & c.), Pakistan

Europe

REGION: Europe (s.)

Northern America

REGION: Canada, United States

Naturalized
Africa

MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias], Portugal [Madeira Islands]
NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Ethiopia, Sudan
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: South Africa

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Yemen
SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation-Eastern Siberia [Eastern Siberia]
EASTERN ASIA: Japan [Honshu]

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Norway (s.), Sweden (s.)
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Hungary
EASTERN EUROPE: Russian Federation-European part [European part (w.)], Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Ukraine
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France

Northern America

REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States

Southern America

WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Ecuador [Loja]
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina, Chile

Other (exact native range obscure)

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Note	Reference
Animal food	fodder	as Eruca sativa	Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
Food additives	flavoring	as spice in sauces or prepared mustard	Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
Human food	oil/fat	seeds are source of Jamba oil or Taramira oil, as Eruca sativa	Burkill, H. M. 1985-2004. The useful plants of west tropical Africa.
Human food	vegetable	as pungent or non-pungent vegetable for salads	Warwick, S. I. et al. 2007. Genetic variation in Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 5:142-153.
Weed	potential seed contaminant		Rollins, R. C. 1993. The Cruciferae of continental North America
Weed	potential seed contaminant	as Eruca sativa	Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica. Note: = Eruca sativa Mill.

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grin-global.warwick.ac.uk/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=104951. Accessed 21 November 2024.