Taxon: Capsicum annuum L.

Summary

Genus:

Capsicum

Family:

Solanaceae

Subfamily:

Solanoideae

Tribe:

Capsiceae

Nomen number:

8904

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:188-189. 1753

Protologue link:

https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/358207

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

01/22/1997 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

23 (23 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Capsicum annuum L. var. annuum (0 active accession[s])
Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum (Dunal) Heiser & Pickersgill (0 active accession[s])

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
Adams, C. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica Note: treats as Capsicum baccatum
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Balick, M. J. et al. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize, with common names and uses. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 85
Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Carrizo García, C. et al. 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 118:35-51.
Correll, D. S. & H. B. Correll. 1982. Flora of the Bahama archipelago.
D'Arcy, W. G. & W. H. Eshbaugh. 1974. New World peppers (Capsicum-Solanaceae) North of Colombia. A résumé . Baileya 19:98.
Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
Gómez-Pompa, A. & V. Sosa, eds. 1978-. Flora de Veracruz.
Howard, R. 1974-1989. Flora of the lesser Antilles.
Ibiza, V. P. et al. 2012. Taxonomy and genetic diversity of domesticated Capsicum species in the Andean region. Genet. Resources Crop Evol. 59:1077-1088.
Ince, A. G. et al. 2010. Genetic relationships within and between Capsicum species. Biochem. Genet. 48:83-95.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Kearney, T. H. & R. H. Peebles. 1969. Arizona flora, ed. 2. Note: treats as Capsicum baccatum
Kochieva, E. Z. et al. 2004. Assessment of genetic relationships in the genus Capsicum using different DNA marker systems. In: Voorrips, R. E., ed., Proceedings of the XIIth EUCARPIA meeting on genetics and breeding of Capsicum and eggplant, Noordwijkerhout, Netherlands, 17-19 May, 2004
Kraft, K. H. et al. 2014. Multiple lines of evidence for the origin of domesticated chili pepper, Capsicum annuum in Mexico. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 111:6165-6170.
Leung, A. Y. & S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of common natural ingredients used in food, drugs, and cosmetics, ed. 2
Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
Liogier, H. A. 1981-. Flora of Hispaniola: Part 1; La Flora de la Española. Part II-.
Liogier, H. A. 1984-. Descriptive flora of Puerto Rico and adjacent islands.
Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
Moscone, E. A. et al. 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Hort. 745:137-170.
Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:87.
NatureServe. 2009-. NatureServe Explorer: an online encyclopedia of life (on-line resource)
Pickersgill, B. et al. 1979. Numerical taxonomic studies on variation and domestication in some species of Capsicum. In: Hawkes, J. G. et al., eds., The biology and taxonomy of the Solanacae 679-699.
Pickersgill, B. 1997. Genetic resources and breeding of Capsicum spp. Euphytica 96:129-133. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
Proctor, G. R. 1984. Flora of the Cayman Islands. Kew Bulletin Additional Series XI. Note: treats as Capsicum baccatum
Rodriguez, J. M. et al. 1999. Variation among and within Capsicum species revealed by RAPD markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 99:147-156.
Sánchez-Solana, F. et al. 2016. New pepper accessions proved to be suitable as a genetic resource for use in breeding nematode-resistant rootstocks. Pl. Genet. Resources Charact. Util. 14:28-34.
Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:136-140.
Smith, P. G. & C. B. Heiser, Jr. 1951. Taxonomic and genetic studies on the cultivated peppers, Capsicum annuum L. and C. frutescens L. Amer. J. Bot. 38:362-368.
Standley, P. C. & J. A. Steyermark. 1946-1976. Flora of Guatemala.
Stevens, W. D. et al., eds. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1-3).
Sui, Y. H. & N. B. Hu. 2015. Acquisition, identification and analysis of an interspecific Capsicum hybrid (C. annuum × C. chinense). J. Hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 90:31-38. Note: hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue technique
Turner, B. L. et al. 2003. Atlas of the vascular plants of Texas. Sida Botanical Miscellany no. 24
van Zonneveld, M. et al. 2015. Screening genetic resources of Capsicum peppers in their primary center of diversity in Bolivia and Peru. PLoS One 10(9): e0134663.
Vibrans, H., ed. Malezas de México (on-line resource).
Walsh, B. M. & S. B. Hoot. 2001. Phylogenetic relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) using DNA sequences from two noncoding regions: The chloroplast atpB-rbcL spacer region and nuclear waxy introns. Int. J. Pl. Sci. 162:1409-1418.
Weakley, A. S. 2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, and surrounding areas.
Woodson, R. E. & R. W. Schery, eds. 1943-1980. Flora of Panama.
Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Wunderlin, R. & B. Hansen. Atlas of Florida vascular plants (on-line resource).
2021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021

Common names

LANGUAGE	NAME	ALTERNATE NAME	SEQ	CITATION
English	chilli pepper		1	2021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
English	hot pepper		1	2021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
English	pepper		1	2021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
English	red capsicum		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	sweet pepper		1	Botanical Society of the British Isles. BSBI taxon database (on-line resource).
Chinese	la liao	辣椒	2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
French	piment annuel		2	Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
French	poivron		2	Demilly, D. et al. 2001. Liste alphabétique des principales espèces de plantes cultivées et de mauvaises herbes. Noms latins et noms français, ed. 7 GEVES-SNES, Beaucouzé, France.
Swedish	spanskpeppar		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Transcribed Chinese	la liao		2	Wu Zheng-yi & P. H. Raven et al., eds. 1994-. Flora of China (English edition).
Transcribed Korean	gochu		2	Mun-Chan, B. et al. 1986. A checklist of the Korean cultivated plants. Kulturpflanze 34:87.

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Baja California Sur
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Chihuahua
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Nuevo León
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	San Luis Potosí
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sinaloa
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Sonora
1	Native	Northern America	Northern Mexico	Mexico	Tamaulipas
1	Native	Northern America	South-Central U.S.A.	United States	Texas
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Florida
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Georgia	e.
1	Native	Northern America	Southeastern U.S.A.	United States	Louisiana
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Campeche
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Chiapas
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Guerrero
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Jalisco
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Michoacán de Ocampo
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Morelos
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Nayarit
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Oaxaca
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Querétaro
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Quintana Roo
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Tabasco
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave
1	Native	Northern America	Southern Mexico	Mexico	Yucatán
1	Native	Northern America	Southwestern U.S.A.	United States	Arizona	s.
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Anguilla
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Bahamas
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Barbados
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Cayman Islands
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominica
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Dominican Republic
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Grenada
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Guadeloupe
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Haiti
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Jamaica
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Martinique
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Montserrat
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	Netherlands Antilles
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Kitts and Nevis
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Lucia
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	St. Vincent and Grenadines
1	Native	Southern America	Caribbean	United States	Puerto Rico
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Belize
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Costa Rica
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Guatemala
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Honduras
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Nicaragua
1	Native	Southern America	Central America	Panama
1	Native	Southern America	Western South America	Colombia
2	Cultivated					widely cult.
4	Naturalized					natzd. elsewhere

Native
Northern America

SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Louisiana, Florida, Georgia (e.)]
SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas]
SOUTHWESTERN U.S.A.: United States [Arizona (s.)]
NORTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Nuevo León, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tamaulipas]
SOUTHERN MEXICO: Mexico [Campeche, Chiapas, Guerrero, Jalisco, Michoacán de Ocampo, Morelos, Quintana Roo, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Querétaro, Tabasco, Yucatán, Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave]

Southern America

CARIBBEAN: Anguilla, Netherlands Antilles, Bahamas, Barbados, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Haiti, Jamaica, St. Kitts and Nevis, St. Lucia, Montserrat, Martinique, United States [Puerto Rico], St. Vincent and Grenadines
CENTRAL AMERICA: Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama
WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA: Colombia

Cultivated (widely cult.)
Naturalized (natzd. elsewhere)

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2025. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grin-global.warwick.ac.uk/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=8904. Accessed 31 March 2025.