Taxon:  Allium ampeloprasum L.



Summary
Genus:
Allium
Subgenus:
Allium
Section:
Allium
Family:
Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:
Allioideae
Tribe:
Allieae
Nomen number:
2217
Place of publication:
Sp. pl. 1:294.  1753, nom. cons.
Comment:
conserved (nom. cons.) against the heterotypic synonym (Shenzhen ICN Art. 14.4 & App. IV) Allium porrum L., nom. rej.
Verified:
01/11/2007 ARS Systematic Botanists.
Accessions:
238 (238  active, 176  available) in National Plant Germplasm System.  (Map it)
Other conspecific taxa
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. ampeloprasum (1 active accession[s])
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. babingtonii (Borrer) Syme (1 active accession[s])
Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations
Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Allium ampeloprasum L. var. holmense Asch. & Graebn.

No images


Conservation Status
Reference(s)
  1. University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
  2. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  3. Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
  4. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
  5. APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
  6. Arechavaleta, M. et al., coords. 2009. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
  7. Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
  8. Brewster, J. L. 1994. Onions and other vegetable alliums. Crop Prod. Sci. Hort. 3:11.
  9. Brummitt, R. K. 1999. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta: 48. Taxon 48:362. Note: conservation proposal recommended
  10. Chester, E. W. et al. 1993-1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
  11. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  12. Diggs, G. M., Jr. et al. 2006-. Illustrated flora of East Texas
  13. Encke, F. et al. 1984. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 13. Auflage
  14. Figliuolo, G. & D. Di Stefano. 2007. Is single bulb producing garlic Allium sativum or Allium ampeloprasum? Sci. Hort. 114:243-249.
  15. Figliuolo, G. et al. 2001. Genetic evaluation of cultivated garlic germplasm (Allium sativum L. and A. ampeloprasum L. Euphytica 325-334. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
  16. FNA Editorial Committee. 1993-. Flora of North America.
  17. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
  18. Fritsch, R. M. & N. Friesen. 2002. Chapter 1. Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. In: Rabinowitch, H. D. & L. Currah, eds., Allium crop science: recent advances 9.
  19. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
  20. Hanelt, P. 1996. (1258) Proposal to conserve the name Allium ampeloprasum against A. porrum (Liliaceae). Taxon 45:691.
  21. Havey, M. J. 1991. Phylogenetic relationships among cultivated Allium species from restriction enzyme analysis of the chloroplast genome. Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:752-757.
  22. Ipek, M. et al. 2014. Testing the utility of matK and ITS DNA regions for discrimination of Allium species. Turk. J. Bot. 38:203-212.
  23. Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora.
  24. Kik, C. et al. 1997. Mitochondrial DNA variation and crossability of leek (Allium porrum) and its wild relatives from the Allium ampeloprasum complex. Theor. Appl. Genet. 94:465-471.
  25. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  26. Li, Q.-Q. et al. 2010. Phylogeny and biogeography of Allium (Amaryllidaceae: Allieae) based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer and chloroplast rps16 sequences, focusing on the inclusion of species endemic to China. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 106:709-733.
  27. Liberty Hyde Bailey Hortorium. 1976. Hortus third. A concise dictionary of plants cultivated in the United States and Canada
  28. Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
  29. Mansfeld, R. 1959. Die Kulturpflanze, Beiheft 2.
  30. Mathew, B. 1996. A review of Allium sect. Allium
  31. Meikle, R. D. 1977-1985. Flora of Cyprus.
  32. Messiaen, C.-M. et al. 1993. Les Allium alimentaires reproduits par voie végétative. 1-230.
  33. Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants
  34. Nasir, E. & S. I. Ali, eds. 1970-. Flora of [West] Pakistan.
  35. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
  36. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  37. Ricroch, A. et al. 2005. Evolution of genome size across some cultivated Allium species. Genome 48:511-520.
  38. Siemonsma, J. S. & Kasem Piluek, eds. 1993. Vegetables. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 8:62.
  39. Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
  40. Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas
  41. Stearn, W. T. 1944. Notes on the genus Allium in the Old World. Herbertia 11:11-34.
  42. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
  43. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  44. Valdés, B. et al., eds. 2002. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d'identification
  45. Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
  46. Yanagino, T. et al. 2003. Production and characterization of an interspecific hybrid between leek and garlic. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107:1-5.
  47. 2021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
Common names
LanguageNameAlternate namenoteseqCitation
Englishelephant garlic  12021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
Englishgreat headed garlic  12021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
Englishkurrat  12021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
Englishleek  12021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
Englishwild leek  12021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
Swedishvild purjolök  2Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Distribution
order_codeStatusContinentSubcontinentCountryStateNoteReference
1NativeAfricaMacaronesiaSpainCanarias Arechavaleta, M. et al., coords. 2009. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaAlgeria n.Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaEgypt  Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaLibya n.Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaMorocco  Valdés, B. et al., eds. 2002. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d'identification
1NativeAfricaNorthern AfricaTunisia  Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1NativeAsia-TemperateArabian PeninsulaSaudi Arabia  Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaCyprus  Meikle, R. D. 1977-1985. Flora of Cyprus.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaEgyptSinai Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIraq  Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaIsrael  Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaJordan  Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaLebanon  Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaSyria  Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
1NativeAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
1NativeEuropeEastern EuropeUkraine incl. KrymKomarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeIreland  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeNorthern EuropeUnited Kingdom  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeFormer Yugoslavia  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece incl. CreteTutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly incl. Sardinia, SicilyTutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance incl. CorsicaTutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropePortugal  Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
1NativeEuropeSouthwestern EuropeSpain incl. BalearesTutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
2CultivatedAfricaEast Tropical AfricaKenya  PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusArmenia  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusAzerbaijan  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateCaucasusGeorgia  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedAsia-TemperateWestern AsiaTurkey  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedAsia-TropicalIndian SubcontinentIndia n.w.Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedAustralasiaAustraliaAustralia  Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
2CultivatedEurope Europe  Fritsch, R. M. & N. Friesen. 2002. Chapter 1. Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. In: Rabinowitch, H. D. & L. Currah, eds., Allium crop science: recent advances 9.
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeGreece  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedEuropeSoutheastern EuropeItaly  Figliuolo, G. et al. 2001. Genetic evaluation of cultivated garlic germplasm (Allium sativum L. and A. ampeloprasum L. Euphytica 325-334. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
2CultivatedEuropeSouthwestern EuropeFrance  PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
2CultivatedNorthern America Mexico  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedNorthern America United States  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
2CultivatedSouthern AmericaSouthern South AmericaChile  Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
4NaturalizedAfricaMacaronesiaPortugalAzores Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesIllinoiss.Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNorth-Central U.S.A.United StatesOklahoma Diggs, G. M., Jr. et al. 2006-. Illustrated flora of East Texas
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesNew YorkSuffock Co.Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesOhio Diggs, G. M., Jr. et al. 2006-. Illustrated flora of East Texas
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaNortheastern U.S.A.United StatesWest Virginia Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSouth-Central U.S.A.United StatesTexas Diggs, G. M., Jr. et al. 2006-. Illustrated flora of East Texas
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesAlabama Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesArkansas Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesGeorgia Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesKentucky Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesLouisiana Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesMississippi Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesNorth Carolina Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesSouth Carolina Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesTennessee Chester, E. W. et al. 1993-1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
4NaturalizedNorthern AmericaSoutheastern U.S.A.United StatesVirginia Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
Native
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Spain [Canarias]
  • NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria (n.), Egypt, Libya (n.), Morocco, Tunisia
Asia-Temperate
  • ARABIAN PENINSULA: Saudi Arabia
  • WESTERN ASIA: Cyprus, Egypt [Sinai], Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan
Europe
  • NORTHERN EUROPE: United Kingdom, Ireland
  • EASTERN EUROPE: Ukraine (incl. Krym)
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece (incl. Crete), Italy (incl. Sardinia, Sicily), Former Yugoslavia
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain (incl. Baleares), France (incl. Corsica), Portugal
Cultivated
Africa
  • EAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Kenya
Asia-Temperate
  • WESTERN ASIA: Turkey
  • CAUCASUS: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
Asia-Tropical
  • INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.w.)
Australasia
  • AUSTRALIA: Australia
Europe
  • SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Greece, Italy
  • SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: France
  • REGION: Europe
Northern America
  • REGION: Mexico, United States
Southern America
  • SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile
Naturalized
Africa
  • MACARONESIA: Portugal [Azores]
Northern America
  • NORTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [New York (Suffock Co.), West Virginia, Ohio]
  • NORTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Illinois (s.), Oklahoma]
  • SOUTHEASTERN U.S.A.: United States [Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina]
  • SOUTH-CENTRAL U.S.A.: United States [Texas]

Reference(s)
  1. PROTABASE, the information base of PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) (on-line resource).
  2. Ali, S. I. & S. M. H. Jafri, eds. 1976-. Flora of Libya.
  3. Arechavaleta, M. et al., coords. 2009. Lista de especies silvestres de Canarias: hongos, plantas y animales terrestres
  4. Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
  5. Chester, E. W. et al. 1993-1997. Atlas of Tennessee vascular plants.
  6. Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
  7. Diggs, G. M., Jr. et al. 2006-. Illustrated flora of East Texas
  8. Figliuolo, G. et al. 2001. Genetic evaluation of cultivated garlic germplasm (Allium sativum L. and A. ampeloprasum L. Euphytica 325-334. Note: Netherlands journal of plant breeding
  9. Fritsch, R. M. & N. Friesen. 2002. Chapter 1. Evolution, domestication and taxonomy. In: Rabinowitch, H. D. & L. Currah, eds., Allium crop science: recent advances 9.
  10. Hanelt, P., ed. 2001. Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops. Volumes 1-6 4:2263-2267.
  11. Jones, R. L. 2005. Plant life of Kentucky: an illustrated guide to the vascular flora.
  12. Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
  13. Lazarides, M. & B. Hince. 1993. CSIRO Handbook of Economic Plants of Australia
  14. Magee, D. W. & H. E. Ahles. 1999. Flora of the Northeast. A manual of the vascular flora of New England and adjacent New York.
  15. Meikle, R. D. 1977-1985. Flora of Cyprus.
  16. Mohlenbrock, R. H. & D. M. Ladd. 1978. Distribution of Illinois vascular plants
  17. Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
  18. Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963-. Flora iranica.
  19. Silva, L. et al. 2005. Listagem da fauna e flora terrestres dos Açores. Lista des plantas vasculares (Pteridophyta e Spermatophyta).
  20. Smith, E. B. 1978. An atlas and annotated list of the vascular plants of Arkansas
  21. Townsend, C. C. & E. Guest. 1966-. Flora of Iraq.
  22. Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
  23. Valdés, B. et al., eds. 2002. Catalogue des plantes vasculaires du nord du Maroc, incluant des clés d'identification
  24. Weakley, A. S. 2011. Flora of the southern and middle Atlantic states.
Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2026. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grin-global.warwick.ac.uk/gringlobal/taxonomydetail?id=2217. Accessed 14 April 2026.