Taxon: Solanum nigrum L.

Summary

Genus:

Solanum

Subgenus:

Solanum

Section:

Solanum

Family:

Solanaceae

Subfamily:

Solanoideae

Tribe:

Solaneae

Nomen number:

310124

Place of publication:

Sp. pl. 1:186. 1753

Typification:

View in Linnean Typification Project

Verified:

03/11/2020 ARS Systematic Botanists.

Accessions:

1 (1 active, 0 available) in National Plant Germplasm System. (Map it)

Other conspecific taxa

Autonyms (not in current use), synonyms and invalid designations

Autonym(s)
Solanum nigrum L. subsp. nigrum
Solanum nigrum L. var. nigrum

Heterotypic Synonym(s)
Solanum nigrum L. subsp. schultesii (Opiz) Wessely
Solanum nigrum L. var. atriplicifolium G. Don
Solanum schultesii Opiz

No images

Conservation Status

Reference(s)

University of Georgia Center for Invasive Species and Ecosystem Health
Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)
Allan, H. H. B. et al. 1961-. Flora of New Zealand.
APHIS. Agricultural Risk Management System United States Department of Agriculture.
Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
Chinese Academy of Sciences. 1959-. Flora reipublicae popularis sinicae.
CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. 1968-1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables 87.1.
Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 217.
D'Arcy, W. G. 1974. Solanum and its close relatives in Florida. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 61:855.
Davis, P. H., ed. 1965-1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Edmonds, J. M. & J. A. Chweya. 1997. Black nightshades. Solanum nigrum L. and related species. In: International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), Promoting the conservation and use of underutilized and neglected crops. 15:28.
Eijlander, R. & W. J. Stiekema. 1994. Biological containment of potato (Solanum tuberosum): outcrossing to the related wild species black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) and bittersweet (Solanum dulkamara). Sex. Plant Reprod. 7:29-40. Note: superseded by Plant Reproduction. 1988-
Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
Euro+Med Editorial Committee. Euro+Med Plantbase: the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity (on-line resource).
Exell, A. W. et al., eds. 1960-. Flora zambesiaca.
Figueiredo, E. & G. F. Smith. 2008. Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1-279.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2010. Ecocrop (on-line resource).
George, A. S., ed. 1980-. Flora of Australia.
Germishuizen, G. & N. L. Meyer, eds. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14
Groth, D. 2005. In: , pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Hedberg, I. & S. Edwards. 1989-. Flora of Ethiopia Note: Eritrea added in 2000
Henderson, R. J. F. 1974. Solanum nigrum L. (Solanaceae) and related species in Australia. Contr. Queensland Herb. 16:19-28.
Hickman, J. C., ed. 1993. The Jepson manual: higher plants of California
Holm, L. et al. 1979. A geographical atlas of world weeds
Horsman, K. et al. 1997. Somatic hybridization between Solanum tuberosum and species of the S. nigrum complex: Selection of vigorously growing and flowering plants. Euphytica 96:345-352. Note: = Solanum nigrum subsp. schultesii
Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry. Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER): plant threats to Pacific ecosystems (on-line resource).
Instituto de Botánica Darwinion. 2008. Flora del Conosur. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares.
Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
Iwatsuki, K. et al. 1993-. Flora of Japan.
Jahandiez, E. & R. Maire. 1931-1941. Catalogue des plantes du Maroc.
Jones, J. B. et al. 1997. Compendium of tomato diseases. In: American Phytopathological Society, The disease compendium series. 42.
Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459.
Kartesz, J. T. 1994. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland.
Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Knapp, S. et al. 2019. A revision of the morelloid clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in North and Central America and the Caribbean. PhytoKeys 123:87-90.
Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934-1964. Flora SSSR.
McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Mouterde, P. 1966-. Nouvelle flore du Liban et de la Syrie.
Munro, D. B. Canadian poisonous plants information system (on-line resource).
Nee, M. 1999. Synopsis of Solanum in the New World. In: Nee, M. et al., eds., Solanaceae IV: advances in biology and utilization 306.
Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):458.
PBI Solanum Project. Solanaceae source: a global taxonomic resource for the nightshade family (on-line resource).
Personal Care Products Council. INCI
Porcher, M. H. et al. Searchable World Wide Web Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (MMPND) (on-line resource).
Pottier-Alapetite, G. 1979-1981. Flore de la Tunisie: Angiospermes-Dicotyledones.
Press, J. R. et al. 2000-. Annotated checklist of the flowering plants of Nepal (on-line resource)
Quézel, P. & S. Santa. 1962-1963. Nouvelle flore de l'Algerie.
Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Schilling, E. E. 1981. Systematics of Solanum sect. Solanum (Solanaceae) in North America. Syst. Bot. 6:183. www.aspt.net/systematic-botany
Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
Symon, D. E. 1981. A revision of the genus Solanum in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 4:46.
Tutin, T. G. et al., eds. 1964-1980. Flora europaea.
Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds
Wood, J. R. I. 1997. A handbook of the Yemen flora.
2018. Mid-Atlantic invasive plant species (on-line resource)
2021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021

Common names

LANGUAGE	NAME	NOTE	SEQ	CITATION
English	black nightshade		1	Seed Regulatory and Testing Division, Agricultural Marketing Service, U.S.D.A. State noxious-weed seed requirements recognized in the administration of the Federal Seed Act (updated annually).
English	blackberry nightshade		1	Integrated Botanical Information System (IBIS). Australian plant common name database (on-line resource).
English	common nightshade		1	Erhardt, W. et al. 2002. Zander: Handwörterbuch der Pflanzennamen, 17. Auflage
English	poisonberry		1	Huxley, A., ed. 1992. The new Royal Horticultural Society dictionary of gardening
English	tristan blackberry		1	2021. UKVGB DB Note: Information take from the UKVGB database on transfer to GG 2021
Arabic	'enab el-deeb		2	Boulos, L. 1999-. Flora of Egypt
English (Canada)	black nightshade	Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada official name	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 217.
French	morelle noire		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
French (Canada)	morelle noire	Agriculture & Agroalimentaire Canada nom officiel	2	Darbyshire, S. J. 2003. Inventory of Canadian Agricultural Weeds Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. 217.
German	schwarzer Nachtschatten		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese	erva-moura		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Portuguese (Brazil)	pimenta-de-galinha		2	Groth, D. 2005. In: , pers. comm. Note: re. Brazilian common names
Spanish	hierba mora		2	Rehm, S. 1994. Multilingual dictionary of agronomic plants
Swedish	nattskatta		2	Aldén, B., S. Ryman, & M. Hjertson. 2012. Svensk Kulturväxtdatabas, SKUD (Swedish Cultivated and Utility Plants Database; online resource)

Distribution

order_code	Status	Continent	Subcontinent	Country	State	Note
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Algeria
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Egypt
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Morocco
1	Native	Africa	Northern Africa	Tunisia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Armenia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Azerbaijan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Georgia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation	Dagestan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Caucasus	Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia	Ciscaucasia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	China	China
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kazakhstan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Kyrgyzstan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Tajikistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Turkmenistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Middle Asia	Uzbekistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation	Altay
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Siberia	Russian Federation-Western Siberia	Western Siberia
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Afghanistan
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Egypt	Sinai
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Iran
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Lebanon
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Syria
1	Native	Asia-Temperate	Western Asia	Turkey
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	India		n.
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Nepal
1	Native	Asia-Tropical	Indian Subcontinent	Pakistan
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Belarus
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Estonia
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Latvia
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Lithuania
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Moldova
1	Native	Europe	Eastern Europe	Ukraine		incl. Krym
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Austria
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Belgium
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Czech Republic
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Germany
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Hungary
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Netherlands
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Poland
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Slovakia
1	Native	Europe	Middle Europe	Switzerland
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Denmark
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Finland
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Ireland
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Norway
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	Sweden
1	Native	Europe	Northern Europe	United Kingdom
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Albania
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Bulgaria
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Croatia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Greece
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Italy
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Romania
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Serbia
1	Native	Europe	Southeastern Europe	Slovenia
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	France
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Portugal
1	Native	Europe	Southwestern Europe	Spain
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Eritrea
4	Naturalized	Africa	Northeast Tropical Africa	Ethiopia
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Angola
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Malawi
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Mozambique
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zambia
4	Naturalized	Africa	South Tropical Africa	Zimbabwe
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Botswana
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Eswatini
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	Namibia
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Eastern Cape
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Free State
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Gauteng
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	KwaZulu-Natal
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Limpopo
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Mpumalanga
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Northern Cape
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	North-West
4	Naturalized	Africa	Southern Africa	South Africa	Western Cape
4	Naturalized	Asia-Temperate	Arabian Peninsula	Yemen
4	Naturalized	Asia-Tropical	Papuasia	Papua New Guinea
4	Naturalized	Australasia	Australia	Australia
4	Naturalized	Australasia	New Zealand	New Zealand
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Canada
4	Naturalized	Northern America		Mexico
4	Naturalized	Northern America		United States
4	Naturalized	Pacific	North-Central Pacific	United States	Hawaii
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Northwestern Pacific	United States	Guam
4	Naturalized	Pacific	Southwestern Pacific	New Caledonia
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Central America	Central America
4	Naturalized	Southern America	Southern South America	Chile
6	Other					exact native range obscure

Native
Africa

NORTHERN AFRICA: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia

Asia-Temperate

WESTERN ASIA: Afghanistan, Egypt [Sinai], Iran, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
CAUCASUS: Russian Federation-Ciscaucasia [Ciscaucasia], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Russian Federation [Dagestan]
SIBERIA: Russian Federation-Western Siberia [Western Siberia], Russian Federation [Altay]
MIDDLE ASIA: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan
CHINA: China

Asia-Tropical

INDIAN SUBCONTINENT: India (n.), Nepal, Pakistan

Europe

NORTHERN EUROPE: Denmark, Finland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Norway, Sweden
MIDDLE EUROPE: Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Slovakia
EASTERN EUROPE: Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Moldova, Ukraine (incl. Krym)
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE: Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Croatia, Italy, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia
SOUTHWESTERN EUROPE: Spain, France, Portugal

Naturalized
Africa

NORTHEAST TROPICAL AFRICA: Eritrea, Ethiopia
SOUTH TROPICAL AFRICA: Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe
SOUTHERN AFRICA: Botswana, Namibia, Eswatini, South Africa [KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Limpopo, North-West, Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Western Cape, Northern Cape, Eastern Cape]

Asia-Temperate

ARABIAN PENINSULA: Yemen

Asia-Tropical

PAPUASIA: Papua New Guinea

Australasia

AUSTRALIA: Australia
NEW ZEALAND: New Zealand

Northern America

REGION: Canada, Mexico, United States

Pacific

NORTH-CENTRAL PACIFIC: United States [Hawaii]
NORTHWESTERN PACIFIC: United States [Guam]
SOUTHWESTERN PACIFIC: New Caledonia

Southern America

CENTRAL AMERICA: Central America
SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA: Chile

Other (exact native range obscure)

Economic Uses

Usage	Type	Reference
Harmful organism host	crop diseases	Jones, J. B. et al. 1997. Compendium of tomato diseases. In: American Phytopathological Society, The disease compendium series. 42.
Human food	fruit	Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):458.
Medicines	folklore	Duke, J. A. et al. 2002. CRC Handbook of medicinal herbs
Medicines	folklore	Kala, C. P. et al. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in Uttaranchal, India. Biodivers. & Conservation 13:459.
Medicines	folklore	McGuffin, M., J. T. Kartesz, A. Y. Leung, & A. O. Tucker. 2000. Herbs of commerce, ed. 2 American Herbal Products Association, Silver Spring, Maryland.
Medicines	folklore	Padua, L. S. de et al., eds. 1999. Medicinal and poisonous plants 1. In: Faridah Hanum, I. & L. J. G. van der Maesen, eds., Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) 12(1):458.
Vertebrate poisons	mammals	Kingsbury, J. M. 1964. Poisonous plants of the United States and Canada. Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals	Kellerman, T. S. et al. 1988. Plant poisonings and mycotoxicoses of livestock in Southern Africa Note: poisonous
Vertebrate poisons	mammals	Cooper, M. R. & A. W. Johnson. 1998. Poisonous plants and fungi in Britain: animal and human poisoning Note: poisonous
Weed	potential seed contaminant	CIBA-GEIGY, Basel, Switzerland. 1968-1974. The CIBA-GEIGY Weed Tables 87.1.
Weed	potential seed contaminant	Weber, E. 2003. Invasive plant species of the world: a reference guide to environmental weeds

Cite as: USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. 2024. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
URL: https://grin-global.warwick.ac.uk/gringlobal/taxonomydetail?id=310124. Accessed 1 December 2024.